пятница, 14 июня 2013 г.

Методы GET PUT POST DELETE HEAD JSONP

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пятница, 29 марта 2013 г.

Apache Help

Important Apache Directives

Directive           Default Value                         Alternative Example Location

ServerRoot        /usr/local/apache                   /etc/httpd
ErrorLog           <ServerRoot>/logs/error_log   /etc/httpd/logs/errors
DocumentRoot   <ServerRoot>/htdocs             /home/httpd/public_html

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User nobody (Unix Only)
Group nobody (Unix Only)

ServerType standalone

ServerRoot /usr/local/apache (Where Apache folder? The server root is where Apache keeps all its essential files.)

ServerName www.alpha-complex.com (Site URL)

ServerAdmin administrator@email.com (Admin Email)

Listen 80 (Listen only coonections on this IP and Port)
Listen 443

Listen 127.0.0.1:80
Listen 127.0.0.1:443

Listen 192.168.1.1:80
Listen 192.168.1.1:443

ErrorLog     /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log (Default Error Log)
TransferLog /logs/access_log  (Also known as Access Log)

DocumentRoot htdocs (Where all site files? Default folder for all site files.)
DocumentRoot /usr/local/apache/htdocs

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Base Master Configuration File

httpd.conf:

ServerName           www.alpha-complex.com
Listen                   192.168.1.1:80
Listen                   192.168.1.1:443
User                     nobody
Group                   nobody
ServerAdmin          webmaster@alpha-complex.com
#ServerRoot          /usr/local/apache
#ErrorLog             logs/error_log
TransferLog           logs/access_log
DocumentRoot       /home/www/alpha-complex

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# Load Apache modules

LoadModule vhost_alias_module libexec/mod_vhost_alias.so
...
LoadModule setenvif_module libexec/mod_setenvif.so

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# Virtual host directives

<VirtualHost 192.168.1.1>
    Include conf/virtualhost.conf
    Include conf/intranet_one.conf
    Include /etc/httpd/conf/*.conf
    Include /etc/httpd/conf/networks/*.conf
    Include /etc/httpd/conf/[0-9][0-9]_*.conf
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 192.168.10.1>
    Include conf/virtualhost.conf
    Include conf/intranet_ten.conf
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 204.148.170.4>
    Include conf/virtualhost.conf
    Include conf/extranet.conf
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost www.beta-complex.com>
    User beta
    Group betausers
    ...
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 204.148.170.3>
    ServerName www.alpha-complex.com
    ServerAlias alpha-complex.com *.alpha-complex.com
    ServerAdmin webmaster@alpha-complex.com
    DocumentRoot /home/www/alpha-complex
    ErrorLog logs/alpha-complex_errors
    TransferLog logs/alpha-complex_log
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 204.148.170.3:80>
    # virtual host directives
    ...
    <Location />
        RemoveHandler .shtml
    <Location>
</VirtualHost>

# SSL configuration directives
SSLEngine off

<VirtualHost 204.148.170.7:443>
    # virtual host directives
    ...
    SSLEngine on
</VirtualHost>

Listen 443
Listen 80

# server level directives

...

<VirtualHost 204.148.170.3:*>
    ServerName www.alpha-complex.com
    AssignUserID alphabadm alphagroup
    # virtual host directives
    ...
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 204.148.170.4:80>
    ServerName www.beta-complex.com:80
    AssignUserID betavadm betagroup
    # virtual host directives
    ...
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 204.148.170.5:443>
    ServerName secure.troubleshooter.com:443
    AssignUserID primeuadm alphagroup
    SSLEngine on
    # virtual host directives
    ...
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 204.148.170.5>
    ServerName users.alpha-complex.com
    # virtual host directives
    ...
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 204.148.170.5>
    ServerName secure.alpha-complex.com
    # virtual host directives
    ...
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 204.148.170.5>
    ServerName www.alpha-complex.com
    # virtual host directives
    ...
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 204.148.170.3>
    ServerName www.alpha-complex.com
    ServerAlias www.alpha-prime.com *complex*.???
    ServerAdmin ...
    DocumentRoot ...
    ErrorLog ...
    TransferLog ...
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 204.148.170.3:*>
    ServerName www.alpha-complex.com:80
    ServerAlias *
    RewriteEngine On
    RewriteRule .* - [R]
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 204.148.170.5 204.148.170.7:443>
    # this name resolves to 204.148.170.7
    ServerName secure.alpha-complex.com:443
    # this alias matches hosts on the name-based IP
    ServerAlias secure.*
    ServerAdmin secure@alpha-complex.com
    DocumentRoot /home/www/alpha-complex/
    ErrorLog logs/alpha-complex_sec_error
    TransferLog logs/alpha-complex_sec_log
    # this assumes we've specified the other SSL directives elsewhere
    <Location /secure/>
        SSLEngine on
    </Location>
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 204.148.170.3>
    ServerName server1.alpha-complex.com
    ServerAdmin webmaster@alpha-complex.com
    ServerAlias server[0-9].alpha-complex.com
    VirtualDocumentRoot /home/www/%1.1+.alpha-complex/web/
    VirtualScriptAlias /home/www/%1.1+.alpha-complex/cgi-bin/
    ErrorLog logs/alpha-complex_error
    TransferLog logs/alpha-complex_log
</VirtualHost>

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# Local Apache customizations.

# set additional/conditional environment variables.

Include /etc/httpd/conf/Env.conf

# IP, Host, and URL based access restrictions.

Include /etc/httpd/conf/Access.conf

# mod_perl configuration.

Include /etc/httpd/conf/Perl.conf

# All-sites directory configuration.

Include /etc/httpd/conf/Sites.conf

# Virtual hosts

Include /etc/httpd/conf/Vhost.conf

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AccessFileName .access .config .perdirectory (The AccessFileName directive causes Apache to look for files called .access, .config,
and .perdirectory and parse them in the order specified)

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Container Directives

# <VirtualHost> (<VirtualHost> allows additional hosts and Web sites to be defined alongside the main server host site. Each virtual host can have its
own name, IP address, and error and access logs.)
<VirtualHost 192.168.1.2>
    ServerName www.beta-complex.com
    ServerAdmin troubleshooter@beta-complex.com
    CustomLog /logs/beta_access_log common
    TransferLog /logs/beta_access_log
    ErrorLog /logs/beta_error_log
    DocumentRoot /home/www/beta-complex
</VirtualHost>

# <Directory> (For all files in this directory)
<Directory />
    AuthType Basic
    AuthUserFile /usr/local/apache/auth/password.file
</Directory>

<Directory />
    Options none
    AllowOverride none
    order allow,deny
    deny from all
</Directory>

<Directory /home/www/alpha-complex>
    Options Includes FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride FileInfo
    allow from all
</Directory>

<Directory /home/www/*>
    AllowOverride All
</Directory>

# <DirectoryMatch> (<DirectoryMatch> is for specifying regular expressions instead of wildcards in the directory specification)
<DirectoryMatch "/[A-Z][0-9]{2}/">
    AllowOverride All
</DirectoryMatch>

# <Files>(<Files> are similar to <Directory> but match files instead.)
<Directory /home/www/alpha-complex/gallery>
    <Files *.gif>
        SetHandler /cgi-bin/burn-gifs.cgi
    </Files>
</Directory>

# <FilesMatch> (<FilesMatch> is for specifying regular expressions instead of wildcards in the file’s specification.)
<Directory /home/www/alpha-complex/wanted/mugshots>
    <FilesMatch "\.(gif|jpg)$">
        SetHandler /cgi-bin/process-image.cgi
    </Files>
</Directory>

# <Location> (<Location> operates in a similar manner to <Directory> but applies to a URL rather than a physical file location.)
<Location /server-info>
    SetHandler server-info
</Location>

<Location /secure/administrators>
    AuthName "Administrator's Area"
    require user administrator
</Location>

<Location /secure/members>
    AuthName "Members Only"
    require valid-user
</Location>

# <LocationMatch> (<LocationMatch> is for specifying regular expressions instead of wildcards in the location specification.)
<LocationMatch "^/[A-Z][a-z]+/$">
    SetHandler server-info
</LocationMatch>

<Location /secure-area>
    order deny, allow
    deny from all
    allow from 192.168.1.100
    allow from 192.168.1.101
</Location>

<Location /secure-area>
    order deny, allow
    deny from all
    allow from 192.168.1.100
    allow from 192.168.1.101
    Satisfy all
    AuthName "Secure Area"
    AuthType Basic
    AuthUserFile /usr/local/apache/auth/password.file
    require valid-user
</Location>

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Alias   /doc              /usr/doc
Alias   /icons/           /usr/local/apache/icons/
Alias   /icons/           /usr/local/images/alternative-icons/

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• Options: The Options directive controls how Apache regards the file system. It
takes one or more options as parameters, each of which modifies how the server
behaves on encountering a particular situation such as an executable file, a
symbolic link, or a directory that contains no default index page.

• AllowOverride: The AllowOverride directive controls which directives can be
placed in per-directory .htaccess files to override the server configuration,
including the Options directive.

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Options All None ExecCGI FollowSymLinks SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Includes IncludesNOEXEC Indexes MultiViews

Options Indexes Includes
Options FollowSymLinks

<Location />
    Options -Indexes
</Location>

<Location /ftp/>
    Options +Indexes
</Location>

All - Enables all options except for MultiViews.
ExecCGI - Permits execution of CGI scripts.
FollowSymLinks - Files or directories referred to via symbolic links will be followed. Has no effect inside <Location> containers.
SymLinksIfOwnerMatch - The server will only follow symbolic links for which the target file or directory is owned by the same user ID as the link.
Includes - Permits Server-Side Includes (SSIs).
IncludesNOEXEC - Permits Server-Side Includes but limits execution of CGI scripts.
Indexes - If a URL that maps to a directory is requested, and there’s no corresponding index file identified with the DirectoryIndex directive, Apache will create and return a formatted listing of the directory contents, controlled by the IndexOptions directive,
MultiViews - Content-negotiated MultiViews are allowed. This option isn’t enabled by the use of All.
None - Disables all options.

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Options Modifiers

Position                Modifier
Grandparent          Options Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks
Parent                   Options +ExecCGI –Indexes
Directory               Options -Includes +IncludesNoExec
Result                   Options FollowSymLinks ExecCGI IncludesNoExec

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AllowOverride All None FileInfo Limit AuthConfig

<Directory />
    AllowOverride None
</Directory>

<Location />
    AllowOverride All
</Location>

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• order deny,allow: Implements a restrictive access policy where most hosts are
denied and then a smaller subset given access

• order allow,deny: Implements a permissive access policy where most hosts are
allowed and then a smaller subset refused access

allow from crawler.beta-complex.com
deny from .beta-complex.com

# traditional partial IP address
allow 192.168

# network address and netmask
allow 192.168.0.0/255.255.0.0

# network address and bitmask
allow 192.168.0.0/16

<Directory />
    order deny,allow
    deny from all
    allow from localhost
</Directory>

<Directory />
    order allow,deny
    allow from all
    deny from robot.trouble.com
</Directory>

<Directory />
    order deny,allow
    deny from .trouble.com
    allow from no.trouble.com little.trouble.com
</Directory>

<Directory /internal-eyes-only/>
    order deny,allow
    deny from all
    allow from 127.0.0.1 192.168.1 192.168.2
</Directory>

<Directory /my-ipv6-eyes-only/>
    order deny,allow
    deny from all
    allow from fe80::910:a4ff:aefe:9a8, 127.0.0.1
</Directory>

<Directory /no-indexing-here/>
    order allow,deny
    allow from all
    # 101.202.85.5 is the IP for robot.trouble.com...
    deny from robot.trouble.com 101.202.68.5
</Directory>

BrowserMatch ^Mozilla lizards_rule
<Directory /mozilla-area/>
    order deny,allow
    deny from all
    allow from env=lizards_rule
</Directory>

SetEnvIf Request_Protocol ^HTTP/1.1 http_11_ok
<Directory /http11only/>
    order deny,allow
    deny from all
    allow from env=http_11_ok
</Directory>

SetEnvIf Referer ^http://www.alpha-prime.com/secure/links_page.html origin_ok
<Directory /alphaprime_users_only/>
    order deny,allow
    deny from all
    allow from env=origin_ok
</Directory>

<Location /registered-users-only/>
    # allow only registered users access
    AuthName "Registered Users Only"
    AuthType Basic
    AuthDBMUserFile /usr/local/apache/auth/password.dbm
    require valid-user
    # lock out external clients
    order deny,allow
    deny from all
    allow from 192.168.1 192.168.2
    # allow either access method
    Satisfy any # or Satisfy all
</Location>

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<Directory /ftp/>
    Options +Indexes
    IndexOrderDefault Ascending Name
    # IndexOrderDefault Ascending Size
    # IndexOrderDefault Descending Date
    IndexIgnore .??* *~ *# *.bak HEADER* README* SCCS RCS
    DirectoryIndex index.html
    DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.shtml home.html home.htm index.cgi
</Directory>

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BrowserMatch Mozilla lizard=true
SetEnvIf User-Agent Mozilla lizard=true

BrowserMatch .*spider.* is_a_robot robot=spider !give_access

# test for HTTP/1.0 and HTTP/1.1 requests
SetEnvIf Request_Protocol ^HTTP/1.1 http_proto=11
SetEnvIf Request_Protocol ^HTTP/1.0 http_proto=10

# test for environment variable 'http_proto' - if unset assume HTTP/0.9
SetEnvIf http_proto !^1 http_proto=09

BrowserMatchNoCase crawler robot
BrowserMatchNoCase yahoo robot=yahoo

BrowserMatchNoCase infoseek robot=infoseek
BrowserMatchNoCase spider robot
BrowserMatchNoCase spyder robot
BrowserMatchNoCase bot robot
BrowserMatchNoCase harvest robot=harvest
BrowserMatchNoCase crawler robot=crawler
BrowserMatchNoCase yahoo robot=yahoo

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RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} .*robot.* [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} .*crawler.* [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{REMOTE_HOST} badrobot.com$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^/not-indexable/ - [F]

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TypesConfig conf/mime.types

Content-Type: image/gif

text/html                             html htm
text/plain                            asc txt
text/sgml                             sgml sgm
image/jpeg                          jpeg jpg jpe
image/gif                             gif
image/png                           png
application/x-javascript         js
application/pdf                     pdf
application/postscript            ai eps ps
audio/mpeg                         mpga mp2 mp3
video/quicktime                    qt mov

AddType application/x-mylanguage   .myl .mylanguage
AddType text/mylanguage                myl mylanguage
AddType text/svg+xml                    .svg

DefaultType text/html

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AddEncoding x-gzip .gz
AddEncoding x-compress .Z
AddEncoding zip .zip
AddEncoding mac-binhex40 .hqx

AddEncoding zip zip

Content-Type:       text/html
Content-Encoding: zip

<Directory /home/sites/alpha-complex/encoded>
    AddEncoding x-gzip gz
    <Files *.gz.html>
        RemoveEncoding gz
    </Files>
    <FilesMatch \.gz$>
        AddEncoding x-gzip gz
    </FilesMatch>
</Directory>

<Directory /mixed/html/and/images>
    SetOutputFilter Deflate
    <FilesMatch \.(gif|jpg|png)$>
        SetEnv no-gzip
    </Files>
</Directory>

<Directory /mixed/html/and/images>
    SetOutputFilter Deflate
    <FilesMatch \.(gif|jpg|png)$>
        SetEnv no-gzip all-browsers
    </Files>
    BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4 no-gzip
    BrowserMatch " MSIE" !no-gzip
    Header append Vary User-Agent env=!all-browsers
</Directory>

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Content-Language: en
DefaultLanguage en

AddLanguage en .en .english
AddLanguage de .de .deutsch .german

LanguagePriority en de fr

<Directory /deutsch/>
    DefaultLanguage de
</Directory>

<Directory /deutsch/>
    <Files *.html>
        DefaultLanguage de
    </Files>
</Directory>

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Content-type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1

AddCharSet ISO-8859-7 .gr .greek .latin7
AddDefaultCharset ISO-8859-7
AddType text/html;charset=ISO-8859-7 .grhtml

AddDefaultCharset on
    <Location /images>
    # our images don't contain text so we don't want or need a charset
    AddDefaultCharset off
</Location>

<Location /images/buttons/greek>
    AddDefaultCharset ISO-8859-7
</Location>

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RewriteEngine on
<Location /type-mapped-files>
    AddHandler type-map .var
    RewriteRule ^(.*\.html)$ $1.var [NS]
</Location>

AliasMatch ^/(type-mapped-files/.*\.html)$ /home/sites/alpha-compex/$1.var
<Location /type-mapped-files>
    AddHandler type-map .var
</Location>

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Alias

Alias             /images/                          /home/gallery/photos/

AliasMatch     /images/(.*)\.gif$             /usr/local/apache/images/$1.gif
AliasMatch     /(.*)/images/(.*)\.gif$      /usr/local/apache/images/$1/$2.gif
AliasMatch     ^(.*).logo$                     /cgi-bin/logo-parser?$1.logo

ScriptAlias              /cgi-bin/                    /usr/local/apache/cgibin/
ScriptAliasMatch     ^/cgi-bin/(.*)\.cgi$     /usr/local/apache/cgibin/$1.cgi

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Basic Redirection

Redirect permanent     /archive     http://archive.alpha-prime.com/archive/alpha-complex
Redirect permanent     /archive     http://archive.alpha-prime.com/archive/alpha-complex?querystring=new

permanent 301 - The requested resource has been assigned a new permanent URI, and any future references to this resource should use the returned URL.
temp 302 - The requested resource resides temporarily under a different URI.
seeother 303 - The response to the request can be found under a different URL and should be retrieved using a GET method, irrespective of the HTTP method used for the original request.
gone 410 - The requested resource is no longer available.
Use Proxy 305 - The requested resource must be retrieved through the proxy server given by the URL. The client then reissues the request to the proxy.
Temporary Redirect 307 - Many clients interpret a 302 response as if it were a 303 response and change the request method to GET, in violation of the HTTP/1.1 specification. To avoid this, 307 can be used to inform the client unambiguously that the new URL should be requested with the same HTTP method as the original.

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Redirection with Regular Expressions

RedirectMatch           (.*)\.(gif|jpg)$     http://images.alpha-complex.com/imagecache/$1.$2
RedirectMatch 305     \.(gif|jpg)$          http://proxy.alpha-prime.com

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LoadModul rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so

RewriteEngine on

RewriteRule     /images/(.*)\.gif$     /usr/local/apache/images/$1.gif
RewriteRule     /abcde/(.*)              /12345/$1
RewriteRule     /12345/(.*)             /fghijk/$1
RewriteRule    /abcde/(.*)              /fghijk/\$1=$1
RewriteRule    ^(.*)$                     http://alpha-complex.com/$1

# define our list of trusted hosts
RewriteCond %{REMOTE_ADDR} ^192\.168\..* [OR]
RewriteCond %{REMOTE_ADDR} ^127\.0\.0\.1 [OR]
RewriteCond %{REMOTE_HOST} ^trusted.comrade.com$

# if the above conditions hold, don't touch the URL at all and skip the next rule
RewriteRule .* - [S=1]

# otherwise, redirect the client to the homepage
RewriteRule .* /index.html [R]

# we could rewrite the URL from the trusted hosts further here...

# a server-level rewrite rule
RewriteRule /abcde/(.*) /12345/$1

<Directory /container>
    RewriteRule /12345/(.*) /fghijk/$1
    # the server-level rewrite rule is not inherited here
</Directory>

<Directory /inherited/here>
    # server-level Rewrite rule applies here
    RewriteOptions inherit
</Directory>

<Directory /container/inherited/here>
    # both RewriteRule directives apply here
    RewriteOptions inherit
</Directory>

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RewriteCondVariables

Functionality         Variable Name
Server internals     DOCUMENT_ROOT, SERVER_ADMIN, SERVER_NAME, SERVER_ADDR, SERVER_PORT, SERVER_PROTOCOL, SERVER_SOFTWARE HTTP request REMOTE_ADDR, REMOTE_HOST, REMOTE_USER, REMOTE_IDENT, REQUEST_METHOD, SCRIPT_FILENAME, PATH_INFO, QUERY_STRING, AUTH_TYPE
HTTP headers        HTTP_USER_AGENT, HTTP_REFERER, HTTP_COOKIE, HTTP_FORWARDED, HTTP_HOST, HTTP_PROXY_CONNECTION, HTTP_ACCEPT
Time                    TIME_YEAR, TIME_MON, TIME_DAY, TIME_HOUR, TIME_MIN, TIME_SEC, TIME_WDAY, TIME
Specials                API_VERSION, THE_REQUEST, REQUEST_URI, REQUEST_FILENAME, IS_SUBREQ

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SSI Server Side Includes

Enable SSI

Options +Includes

# allow static content to be included, but do not run CGIs
Options +IncludesNOEXEC

<Location /ssidocs>
    Options +Includes
</Location>

<Location />
    AddHandler server-parsed .shtml
</Location>

<Location /include>
    SetHandler server-parsed
</Location>

AddHandler server-parsed .shtml .html .htm

<Location /ssi-cgibin>
    Options +ExecCGI +Includes
    AllowOverride None
    AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
    AddOutputFilter Includes .cgi
</Location>

Format of SSI Commands

<!--#command parameter="value" parameter="value" ... -->

<!--#include virtual="/include/$1" -->

<!--#set var="CLEARED_TITLE" value="Welcome, Troubleshooter" -->
<!--#set var="UNCLEARED_TITLE" value="You are not cleared to read this document" -->

<!--#if expr="${CLEARED}" -->
    <!--#set var="TITLE” value="CLEARED_TITLE" -->
<!--#else -->
    <!--#set var="TITLE" value="UNCLEARED_TITLE" -->
<!--#endif -->

<!--#echo var="$TITLE" -->

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CGI

ScriptAlias     /cgi-bin/     "/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin/"
ScriptAlias    /directory/   "/usr/local/apache/secret-cgi-bin/"

ScriptAlias     /area_one/cgi-bin/       "/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin/"
ScriptAlias     /area_two/cgi-bin/       "/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin/"
ScriptAlias     /area_three/cgi-bin/     "/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin/"

Alias /cgi-bin/ "/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin/"
<Directory /usr/local/apache/cgi-bin>
    AllowOverride None
    Options +ExecCGI
    SetHandler cgi-script
</Directory>

<Files "/home/web/alpha-complex/welcome">
    AllowOverride None
    Options +ExecCGI
    SetHandler cgi-script
</Files>

<FilesMatch "/home/web/alpha-complex/cgi-bin/*.cgi>
    AllowOverride None
    Options ExecCGI
    SetHandler cgi-script
</FilesMatch>

<Directory "/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin">
    AllowOverride None
    Options +ExecCGI
    SetHandler cgi-script
    Order allow,deny
    Allow from all
</Directory>

<Directory "/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin">
    AllowOverride None
    Options ExecCGI
    AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
    <IfModule mod_fastcgi.c>
        AddHandler fastcgi-script .fcgi
    </IfModule>
    Order allow,deny
    Allow from all
</Directory>

<Location /protected>
    AuthName Pod Bay Doors
    AuthType Basic
    AuthUserFile /home/alpha-complex/auth/podbayaccess.auth
    require user anna betty clara
</Location>

<Location /protected>
    AuthName Pod Bay Doors
    AuthType Basic
    FastCgiAuthenticator cgi-bin/authenticate.fcgi
    require user anna betty clara
</Location>

<Location /protected>
    AuthName Top Secret
    AuthType Basic
    FastCgiAccessChecker cgi-bin/accesscheck.fcgi
    FastCgiAuthenticator cgi-bin/authenticate.fcgi
    FastCgiAuthorizer cgi-bin/authorizer.fcgi
</Location>

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LogFormat "%V: %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b"
LogFormat "%A: %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b"

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Proxy

ProxyRequests on
ProxyRequests off

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Configuring Apache As a Proxy

Listen 80
Listen 8080

User httpd
Group httpd

# dynamic servers load modules here...

ServerName       www.alpha-complex.com:80
ServerAdmin      webmaster@alpha-complex.com
DocumentRoot    /home/www/alpha-complex
ErrorLog            logs/main_error
TransferLog        logs/main_log

<VirtualHost 204.148.170.3:8080>
    ServerName proxy.alpha-complex.com
    ProxyRequests On
    ErrorLog logs/proxy_error
    TransferLog logs/proxy_log
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 204.148.170.3:8080>
    ServerName proxy.alpha-complex.com
    ErrorLog logs/proxy_error
    TransferLog logs/proxy_log

    ProxyRequests on

    CacheRoot /usr/local/apache/cache

    # limit use of this proxy to hosts on the local network
    <Proxy *>
        order deny,allow
        deny from all
        allow from 204.148.170
    </Proxy>
</VirtualHost>

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<Directory proxy:*>
... directives for proxy requests only ...
</Directory>

<Proxy *>
... directives for proxy requests only ...
</Proxy>

<Proxy http:*>
... proxy directives for http ...
</Proxy>

<Proxy ftp:*>
... proxy directives for ftp ...
</Proxy>

<Proxy */www.alpha-complex.com/*>
... proxy directives for www.alpha-complex.com ...
</Proxy>

<ProxyMatch www\.alphacomplex\.com>
... proxy directives for www.alpha-complex.com ...
</ProxyMatch>

<ProxyMatch \.html$>
... proxy directives for www.alpha-complex.com ...
</ProxyMatch>

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Blocking Sites via the Proxy

ProxyBlock www.badsite.com baddomain.dom badword

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Forwarding Proxied URLs

ProxyPass   /users/     http://users.alpha-complex.com/
ProxyPass   /secure/   http://secure.alpha-complex.com/secure-part/

ProxyPass                /     http://realwww.intranet.alpha-complex.com
ProxyPassReverse     /     http://realwww.intranet.alpha-complex.com

<Location /users/>
    RequestHeader set X-Proxy-Request yes
    ProxyPass http://users.alpha-complex.com/
</Location>

<Location /secure/>
    ProxyPass https://externalserver.elsewhere-on-the-internet.com/
</Location>

<Location /secure/>
    SSLRequireSSL
    ProxyPass http://internal-server.alpha-complex.com/
</Location>

<LocationMatch "\.jsp$">
    ProxyPass tomcat.alpha-complex.com
    ProxyPassReverse tomcat.alpha-complex.com
</LocationMatch>

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Relaying Requests to Remote Proxies

ProxyRemote    http                                   http://www.proxyremote.com
ProxyRemote    http://www.mainsite.com     http://mirror.mainsite.com:8080

ProxyRemote    ftp                                     ftp://ftp.ftpmirror.com

ProxyRemote    *                                       http://proxy.remote.com

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ProxyTimeout 60

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cache

CacheEnable     mem     /small_images/
CacheEnable     fd         /large_but_static_documents/
CacheEnable     disk      /

CacheDisable    /dont_cache_this/

CacheRoot        /usr/local/apache/proxy/

CacheDirLevels 6

CacheSize 102400

CacheMinFileSize 1024
CacheMaxFileSize 1048576

# trim the cache every 75 minutes
CacheGcInterval 1.25

# trim the cache every 12 minutes
CacheGcInterval 0.2

NoCache *

CacheDisable interactive.alpha-complex.com
CacheDisable uncacheddomain.net
CacheDisable badword

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Setting the Memory Cache Size

MCacheSize 10240

MCacheMaxObjectSize 102400
MCacheMinObjectSize 512

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Apache Server Configuration for Clustering Proxy
#
### Basic Server Setup

# The proxy takes the identity of the web site...
ServerName    www.alpha-complex.com

# Basic configuration.
# Note that the DocumentRoot is a 'safe' irrelevant value as we don't serve
# anything directly
ServerAdmin     webmaster@alpha-complex.com
ServerRoot        /usr/local/apache

DocumentRoot     /usr/local/apache/proxysite
ErrorLog             /usr/local/apache/proxy_error
TransferLog         /usr/local/apache/proxy_log

# Choose a non-privileged user and group
User     httpd
Group   httpd

# Dynamic servers load their modules here...
# Note that if this proxy is only a proxy, we don't need most standard
# modules loaded.

# Don't waste time on things we don't need
HostnameLookups     off

# This server is only for proxying so switch off everything else
<Directory />
    Options None
    AllowOverride None
</Directory>

# Allow a local client to access the server status
<Location />
    order allow,deny
    deny from all
    allow from 127.0.0.1
    SetHandler server-status
</Location>

### Part 1 - Rewrite

# switch on URL rewriting
RewriteEngine     on

# Define a log for debugging but set the log level to zero to disable it for
# performance
RewriteLog            logs/proxy_rewrite
RewriteLogLevel     0

# define the cluster servers map
RewriteMap     cluster     rnd:/usr/local/apache/rewritemaps/cluster.txt

# rewrite the URL if it matches the web server host
RewriteRule     ^http://www\.(.*)$     http://{cluster:www}.$2 [P,L]

# forbid any URL that doesn't match
RewriteRule     .* - [F]

### Part 2 - Proxy

ProxyPassReverse     /     http://www1.alpha-complex.com/
ProxyPassReverse     /     http://www2.alpha-complex.com/
ProxyPassReverse     /     http://www3.alpha-complex.com/
ProxyPassReverse     /     http://www4.alpha-complex.com/
ProxyPassReverse     /     http://www5.alpha-complex.com/
ProxyPassReverse     /     http://www6.alpha-complex.com/

# We don't want caching, preferring to let the back end servers take the
# load, but if we did:
#
# Apache 2 only:
CacheOn on
CacheEnable disk /

# Apache 2 and 1.3:
#CacheRoot /usr/local/apache/proxy
#CacheSize 102400

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Enabling the Server Status Page

<Location /server/status>
    SetHandler server-status
</Location>

<Location /info>
    ExtendedStatus on
    AddHandler server-status .status
</Location>

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Server Info

<Location /server-info>
    SetHandler server-info
</Location>

<Location /info>
    AddHandler server-status .status
    AddHandler server-info .info
</Location>

<Location /server-status>
    SetHandler server-status
    order deny,allow
    deny from all
    allow from 127.0.0.1 192.168.1.100
</Location>

<VirtualHost 192.168.2.1:81>
    Options None
    AllowOveride None
    # locations
    DocumentRoot /usr/local/apache/status/html
    ErrorLog /usr/local/apache/status/logs/error_log
    TransferLog /usr/local/apache/status/logs/access_log
    # SSI directives
    SSLEnable
    # Authentication
    AuthType Basic
    AuthName Status Host
    AuthUserFile /usr/local/apache/status/auth/password.file
    require valid-user
    # host access
    order deny,allow
    deny from all
    allow from 192.168.2.100
    # handlers
    AddHandler server-status -status
    AddHandler server-info -info
    # additional info
    AddModuleInfo mod_fastcgi "<a href=/docs/mod_fastcgi>Notes</a>"
</VirtualHost>

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Auth

<Location /secure>
    AuthName <name_of_realm>
    AuthType Basic|Digest
    Auth<???>UserFile <path_to_users_file_or_db>
    Auth<???>GroupFile <path_to_groups_file_or_db>
    require valid-user | user <list of users> | group <list of groups>
    Auth<???>Authoritative on|off
</Location>

<Location /file_auth>
    AuthName "File Authentication"
    AuthType Basic
    AuthUserFile /usr/local/apache/auth/password.file
    AuthGroupFile /usr/local/apache/auth/groups.file
    require user user1 user2 group group1 group2
    AuthAuthoritative on
</Location>

<Location /dbm_auth>
    AuthName "DBM Authentication"
    AuthType Basic
    AuthDBMUserFile /usr/local/apache/auth/password.dbm
    AuthDBMGroupFile /usr/local/apache/auth/groups.dbm
    require user user1 user2 group group1 group2
    AuthDBMAuthoritative on
</Location>

<Location /anonymous>
    AuthName "Guest Access"
    AuthType Basic
    Anonymous guest visitor cypherpunk
    require valid-user
    Anonymous_Authoritative on
    Anonymous_MustGiveEmail on
    Anonymous_VerifyEmail on
    Anonymous_LogEmail on
    Anonymous_NoUserID off
</Location>

<Location /digestives>
    AuthName "Digestion Section"
    AuthType Digest
    AuthDigestDomain /digestives
    AuthDigestFile /usr/local/apache/auth/passwords.md5
    AuthDigestGroupFile /usr/local/apache/auth/groups.file
    require valid-user
</Location>

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

LDAP AUTH

<Location /ldapsecure>
    AuthName "LDAP Security Barrier"
    AuthType Basic
    AuthLDAPUrl http://ldap.alphacomplex.com:4444/o=AlphaComplex
    AuthLDAPGroupAttribute sector
    require valid-user
    AuthLDAPAuthoritative on
</Location>

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

<Location /combined_auth>
    AuthName "Combined Authentication"
    AuthType Basic
    AuthDBMUserFile /usr/local/apache/auth/password.dbm
    AuthDBMAuthoritative off
    AuthUserFile /usr/local/apache/auth/password.file
</Location>

<Location />
    AuthName "Who Are You and Where Do You Come From?"
    AuthType Basic
    AuthUserFile /usr/local/apache/auth/password.file
    require valid-user
    order deny,allow
    deny from all
    allow from www.trustedally.com
    Satisfy all
</Location>

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Securing Basic Authentication with SSL

<Location /private>
    AuthName "Authorized Personnel Only"
    AuthType Basic
    AuthUserFile auth/personnel.auth
    require valid-user

    SSLEnable on
    SSLRequireSSL
</Location>

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Basic SSL Configuration

Listen 80
Listen 443

# Switch on the SSL engine--(for Apache 1.3 Apache-SSL
# use SSLEnable instead)
SSLEngine on

# Specify the server's private key
SSLCertificateKeyFile conf/ssl/www.alpha-complex.com.key

# Specify the certificate for the private key
SSLCertificateFile conf/ssl/www.alpha-complex.com.crt

<VirtualHost 192.168.1.1:443>
    ServerName www.alpha-complex.com
    DocumentRoot /home/www/alpha-complex
    ... virtual host directives ...
    SSLEngine on
    SSLCertificateFile conf/ssl/www.alpha-complex.com.crt
    SSLCertificateKeyFile conf/ssl/www.alpha-complex.com.key
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 192.168.1.1:*>
    ServerName www.alpha-complex.com
    DocumentRoot /home/www/alpha-complex
    ... virtual host directives ...
</VirtualHost>

<Directory /home/www/alpha-complex/secure/>
    SSLrequireSSL
</Directory>

<Location /secure-area/>
    SSLRequireSSL
</Location>

<Location /secure-area/non-ssl-browsers/>
    order deny,allow
    allow from all
    Satisfy any
</Location>

<Directory /home/www/alpha-complex/secure/>
    SSLRequireSSL
    order deny,allow
    deny from all
    allow from 192.168 www.trusted.com
    Satisfy any
</Directory>

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SSL and Logging

SSLLog     /home/sites/alpha-complex/logs/ssl_log
SSLLog     logs/ssl_log

SSLLogLevel warn
SSLLogLevel none

LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b %{SSL_SESSION_ID}x"

CustomLog logs/ssl_log "%h %t \"%r\" %{SSL_PROTOCL}x %{SSL_SESSION_ID}x %{SSL_CIPHER}%{SSL_USEKEYSIZE}x:%{SSL_ALGKEYSIZE}x" env=HTTPS

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SSL and Virtual Hosts

User httpd
Group httpd

# Ports
Listen 80
Listen 443

# main server configuration
ServerName                www.alpha-complex.com
ServerAdmin               webmaster@alpha-complex.com
DocumentRoot             /home/www/alpha-complex
TransferLog                 logs/access_log
ErrorLog                      logs/error_log
SSLCertificateFile          conf/ssl/www.alpha-complex.com.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile     conf/ssl/www.alpha-complex.com.key

# main server, port 443 (HTTPS)
<VirtualHost 192.168.1.1:443>
    SSLEngine on
    # server configuration inherited from main server
</VirtualHost>

# main server, port 80 (HTTP)
<VirtualHost 192.168.1.1:80>
    # server configuration inherited from main server
</VirtualHost>

# another server, HTTP only, any port
<VirtualHost 192.168.1.2>
    ... virtual host directives ...
</VirtualHost>

# yet another server, HTTPS only, any port
<VirtualHost 192.168.1.3>
    SSLEngine on
    ... virtual host directives ...
</VirtualHost>

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

User httpd
Group httpd

# Ports
Listen 80
Listen 443

# main server configuration
ServerName         www.alpha-complex.com
ServerAdmin        webmaster@alpha-complex.com
DocumentRoot     /home/www/alpha-complex
TransferLog         logs/access_log
ErrorLog              logs/error_log

# uncomment these and remove the first set below for inheritance
#SSLCertificateFile          conf/ssl/www.alpha-complex.com.crt
#SSLCertificateKeyFile     conf/ssl/www.alpha-complex.com.key

# main server, port 443 (HTTPS)
<VirtualHost 192.168.1.1:443>
    SSLEngine on
    SSLCertificateFile conf/ssl/www.alpha-complex.com.crt
    SSLCertificateKeyFile conf/ssl/www.alpha-complex.com.key
    # Server configuration inherited from main server
</VirtualHost>

# another server, HTTPS only, any port
<VirtualHost 192.168.1.3>
    SSLEngine on
    SSLCertificateFile conf/ssl/www.another.com.crt
    SSLCertificateKeyFile conf/ssl/www.another.com.key
    ... virtual host directives ...
</VirtualHost>

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Автор: на Комментариев нет:

четверг, 28 марта 2013 г.

Cron 

# /etc/crontab: system-wide crontab
# Unlike any other crontab you don't have to run the `crontab'
# command to install the new version when you edit this file
# and files in /etc/cron.d. These files also have username fields,
# that none of the other crontabs do.
 
SHELL=/bin/sh
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
 
# m h dom mon dow user  command
 17 *  *   *   *  root  cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly
 25 6  *   *   *  root  test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || (cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.daily)
 47 6  *   *   7  root  test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || (cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.weekly)
 52 6  1   *   *  root  test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || (cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.monthly)
#
 
* * * * * выполняемая команда
- - - - -
| | | | |
| | | | ----- День недели (0 - 7) (Воскресенье =0 или =7)
| | | ------- Месяц (1 - 12)
| | --------- День (1 - 31)
| ----------- Час (0 - 23)
------------- Минута (0 - 59) 


 # как обычно, с символа '#' начинаются комментарии
 # в качестве командного интерпретатора использовать /bin/sh
 SHELL=/bin/sh
 # результаты работы отправлять по этому адресу
 MAILTO=paul@example.org
 # добавить в PATH
 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
 
 #### Здесь начинаются задания
 # выполнять каждый день в 0 часов 5 минут, результат складывать в log/daily
 5 0 * * * $HOME/bin/daily.job >> $HOME/log/daily 2>&1
 # выполнять 1 числа каждого месяца в 14 часов 15 минут
 15 14 1 * * $HOME/bin/monthly
 # каждый рабочий день в 22:00
 0 22 * * 1-5 echo "Пора домой" | mail -s "Уже 22:00" john
 
 23 */2 * * * echo "Выполняется в 0:23, 2:23, 4:23 и т. д."
 5 4 * * sun echo "Выполняется в 4:05 в воскресенье"
 0 0 1 1 * echo "С новым годом!"
 15 10,13 * * 1,4 echo "Эта надпись выводится в понедельник и четверг в 10:15 и 13:15"
 0-59 * * * * echo "Выполняется ежеминутно"
 0-59/2 * * * * echo "Выполняется по четным минутам"
 1-59/2 * * * * echo "Выполняется по нечетным минутам"
 # каждые 5 минут
 */5 * * * * echo "Прошло пять минут"
 
 
# m h  dom mon dow   command
# Запускаю eMule ночью  в 1 час ночи 10 минут
10 1  * * *  export DISPLAY=:0 && amule
# Останавливаю eMule утром в 10 часов 10 минут
10 10 * * *  export DISPLAY=:0 && killall amule
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MySQL Объяснение Один к одному, Один ко многим, Многие ко многим


Автор: на 1 комментарий:

среда, 27 марта 2013 г.

Запуск MySQL из командной строки

Перейдите в папку, куда был установлен MySQL и введите следующую команду

mysql -u root -p

где -u root это ввод вашего логина (в данном случае это root), а -p это приглашение на ввод вашего пароля.

Автор: на Комментариев нет:

понедельник, 4 марта 2013 г.

Пример конфигурации Apache 

<VirtualHost *:80>
  ServerAdmin lufton@gmail.com
  ServerName  www.db.tci.lan
  ServerAlias db.tci.lan

  DirectoryIndex index.html index.php
  DocumentRoot /home/lufton/public_html/db.tci.lan/public
  WSGIScriptAlias / /home/lufton/public_html/db.tci.lan/public/db/mod.wsgi
  Alias /js/app.js "/home/lufton/public_html/db.tci.lan/public/db/app.js"
  Alias /css "/home/lufton/public_html/db.tci.lan/public/db/css"
  <Location "/css">
    SetHandler None
    Allow from all
  </Location>
  Alias /js "/home/lufton/public_html/db.tci.lan/public/db/js"
  <Location "/js">
    SetHandler None
    Allow from all
  </Location>
  Alias /img "/home/lufton/public_html/db.tci.lan/public/db/img"
  <Location "/img">
    SetHandler None
    Allow from all
  </Location>
  Alias /media "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/media"
  <Location "/media">
    SetHandler None
    Allow from all
  </Location>
  <Location "/svnmanager">
    SetHandler None
    Allow from all
  </Location>
  LogLevel warn
  ErrorLog  /home/lufton/public_html/db.tci.lan/log/error.log
  CustomLog /home/lufton/public_html/db.tci.lan/log/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>
LoadModule python_module modules/mod_python.so
<Directory /home/lufton/public_html/db.tci.lan/>
  Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
  AllowOverride None
  Order allow,deny
  allow from all
  AddHandler mod_python .py
  PythonHandler mod_python.publisher | .py
  AddHandler mod_python .psp .psp_
  PythonHandler mod_python.psp | .psp .psp_
  PythonDebug On
</Directory>
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воскресенье, 3 марта 2013 г.

MySQL Шпаргалка по командам

# Comment

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# WORK WITH DATABASE

CREATE DATABASE db_name; (CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXIST db_name CHARACTER SET utf8;)

SHOW DATABASES;

USE db_name; (ALTER DATABASE db_name CHARACTER SET utf8;)

DROP DATABASE db_name;

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# CREATE TABLE

CREATE TABLE  IF NOT EXISTS tb_name (
    id int(50) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    name VARCHAR(20),
    date DATE,
    time time,
    PRIMARY KEY (id),
    FOREIGN KEY (name),
    REFERENCES tb_name2 (col1, col2)
);

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# SHOW TABLE

SHOW TABLES;

SHOW COLUMNS FROM tb_name; (SHOW FIELDS FROM tb_name;)

DESCRIBE tb_name;

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# DROP TABLE

DROP TABLE tb_name; (DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tb_name;)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# SELECT FROM TABLE

SELECT * FROM tb_name;

SELECT col1, col2, col3 FROM tb_name WHERE col1 = 'Bob' AND col2 != '33' AND col3 LIKE '%Tom%' ORDER BY col3 DESC LIMIT 1, 10;

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM tb_name;

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# JOIN TABLE

SELECT * FROM alpha LEFT JOIN beta USING (id);

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# INSERT INTO TABLE

INSERT INTO tb_name (col1, col2) VALUES ('Bob', 'Tom');

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# UPDATE TABLE

UPDATE tb_name SET col1 = 'Tom' WHERE col1 = 'Bob';

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# DELETE FROM TABLE

DELETE FROM tb_name WHERE col1 = 'Bob';

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# ALTER TABLE

ALTER TABLE tb_name ADD COLUMN col1 VARCHAR (20) FIRST; (ALTER TABLE tb_name ADD PRIMARY KEY (id);)

ALTER TABLE tb_name CHANGE old_col new_col VARCHAR (50) AFTER col2; (ALTER TABLE tb_name CHANGE old_col new_col VARCHAR (50) FIRST;)

ALTER TABLE tb_name MODIFY col1 VARCHAR (50) FIRST; (ALTER TABLE tb_name MODIFY col1 VARCHAR (20) AFTER col2;)

ALTER TABLE tb_name DROP COLUMN col1;

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# USER PRIVILEGES

CREATE USER 'bob'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

SET PASSWORD FOR 'bob'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('new_pass');

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON db_name.* TO 'bob'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION;
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, DELETE ON db_name.* TO 'bob'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION;

REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES ON db_name.* FROM 'bob'@'localhost';

DROP USER 'bob'@'localhost';

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# COMMON COLUMN TYPES

INT            (–2147483648 / 2147483647) (0 / 4294967295)
TINYINT     (–128 / 127) (0 / 255)
FLOAT       (–3.402823466E+38 / –1.175494351E-38) (1.175494351E-38 / 3.402823466E+38)
DECIMAL, NUMERIC ()
CHAR        (1 / 255)
VARCHAR (1 / 255)
DATE            ('1000-01-01’ / ‘9999-12-31’) (‘YYYY-MM-DD’ format)
DATETIME   (‘1000-01-01 00:00:00’ / ‘9999-12-31 23:59:59’) (‘YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS’ format)
TIMESTAMP  (‘1970-01-01 00:00:00’ / year 2037) (YYYYMMDDHHMMSS, YYMMDDHHMMSS, YYYYMMDD or YYMMDD format)
TIME  (‘-838:59:59’ / ‘838:59:59’) (‘HH:MM:SS’ format)
YEAR (1901 / 2155) (YYYY format)
TEXT, BLOB (65535 characters)
ENUM (‘val1’, ‘val2’)
SET     (‘value1’, ‘value2’)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# OTHER COLUMN TYPES

SMALLINT    (32768 / 32767) (0 / 65535)
MEDIUMINT (–8388608 / 8388607) (0 / 16777215)
BIGINT          (–9223372036854775808 / 9223372036854775807) (0 / 18446744073709551615)

DOUBLE, DOUBLE PRECISION, REAL (-1.7976931348623157E+308 / -2.2250738585072014E-308)

TINYTEXT, TINYBLOB             (255 characters)
MEDIUMTEXT, MEDIUMBLOB (16777215 characters)
LONGTEXT, LONGBLOB          (4294967295 characters)
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MySQL Наиболее часто используемые команды

Create a database on the sql server.

mysql> create database [databasename];

List all databases on the sql server.

mysql> show databases;

Switch to a database.

mysql> use [db name];

To see all the tables in the db.

mysql> show tables;

To see database's field formats.

mysql> describe [table name];

To delete a db.

mysql> drop database [database name];

To delete a table.

mysql> drop table [table name];

Show all data in a table.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name];

Returns the columns and column information pertaining to the designated table.

mysql> show columns from [table name];

Show certain selected rows with the value "whatever".

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE [field name] = "whatever";

Show all records containing the name "Bob" AND the phone number '3444444'.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name = "Bob" AND phone_number = '3444444';

Show all records not containing the name "Bob" AND the phone number '3444444' order by the phone_number field.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name != "Bob" AND phone_number = '3444444' order by phone_number;

Show all records starting with the letters 'bob' AND the phone number '3444444'.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name like "Bob%" AND phone_number = '3444444';

Show all records starting with the letters 'bob' AND the phone number '3444444' limit to records 1 through 5.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name like "Bob%" AND phone_number = '3444444' limit 1,5;

Use a regular expression to find records. Use "REGEXP BINARY" to force case-sensitivity. This finds any record beginning with a.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE rec RLIKE "^a";

Show unique records.

mysql> SELECT DISTINCT [column name] FROM [table name];

Show selected records sorted in an ascending (asc) or descending (desc).

mysql> SELECT [col1],[col2] FROM [table name] ORDER BY [col2] DESC;

Return number of rows.

mysql> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM [table name];

Sum column.

mysql> SELECT SUM(*) FROM [table name];

Join tables on common columns.

mysql> select lookup.illustrationid, lookup.personid,person.birthday from lookup left join person on lookup.personid=person.personid=statement to join birthday in person table with primary illustration id;

Creating a new user. Login as root. Switch to the MySQL db. Make the user. Update privs.

# mysql -u root -p
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> INSERT INTO user (Host,User,Password) VALUES('%','username',PASSWORD('password'));
mysql> flush privileges;

Change a users password from unix shell.

# [mysql dir]/bin/mysqladmin -u username -h hostname.blah.org -p password 'new-password'

Change a users password from MySQL prompt. Login as root. Set the password. Update privs.

# mysql -u root -p
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'user'@'hostname' = PASSWORD('passwordhere');
mysql> flush privileges;

Recover a MySQL root password. Stop the MySQL server process. Start again with no grant tables. Login to MySQL as root. Set new password. Exit MySQL and restart MySQL server.

# /etc/init.d/mysql stop
# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &
# mysql -u root
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> update user set password=PASSWORD("newrootpassword") where User='root';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> quit
# /etc/init.d/mysql stop
# /etc/init.d/mysql start

Set a root password if there is on root password.

# mysqladmin -u root password newpassword
Update a root password.

# mysqladmin -u root -p oldpassword newpassword
Allow the user "bob" to connect to the server from localhost using the password "passwd". Login as root. Switch to the MySQL db. Give privs. Update privs.

# mysql -u root -p
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> grant usage on *.* to bob@localhost identified by 'passwd';
mysql> flush privileges;

Give user privilages for a db. Login as root. Switch to the MySQL db. Grant privs. Update privs.

# mysql -u root -p
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> INSERT INTO db (Host,Db,User,Select_priv,Insert_priv,Update_priv,Delete_priv,Create_priv,Drop_priv) VALUES ('%','databasename','username','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','N');
mysql> flush privileges;

or

mysql> grant all privileges on databasename.* to username@localhost;
mysql> flush privileges;

To update info already in a table.

mysql> UPDATE [table name] SET Select_priv = 'Y',Insert_priv = 'Y',Update_priv = 'Y' where [field name] = 'user';

Delete a row(s) from a table.

mysql> DELETE from [table name] where [field name] = 'whatever';

Update database permissions/privilages.

mysql> flush privileges;

Delete a column.

mysql> alter table [table name] drop column [column name];

Add a new column to db.

mysql> alter table [table name] add column [new column name] varchar (20);

Change column name.

mysql> alter table [table name] change [old column name] [new column name] varchar (50);

Make a unique column so you get no dupes.

mysql> alter table [table name] add unique ([column name]);

Make a column bigger.

mysql> alter table [table name] modify [column name] VARCHAR(3);

Delete unique from table.

mysql> alter table [table name] drop index [colmn name];

Load a CSV file into a table.

mysql> LOAD DATA INFILE '/tmp/filename.csv' replace INTO TABLE [table name] FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' LINES TERMINATED BY '\n' (field1,field2,field3);

Dump all databases for backup. Backup file is sql commands to recreate all db's.

# [mysql dir]/bin/mysqldump -u root -ppassword --opt >/tmp/alldatabases.sql

Dump one database for backup.

# [mysql dir]/bin/mysqldump -u username -ppassword --databases databasename >/tmp/databasename.sql

Dump a table from a database.

# [mysql dir]/bin/mysqldump -c -u username -ppassword databasename tablename > /tmp/databasename.tablename.sql

Restore database (or database table) from backup.

# [mysql dir]/bin/mysql -u username -ppassword databasename < /tmp/databasename.sql

Create Table Example 1.

mysql> CREATE TABLE [table name] (firstname VARCHAR(20), middleinitial VARCHAR(3), lastname VARCHAR(35),suffix VARCHAR(3),officeid VARCHAR(10),userid VARCHAR(15),username VARCHAR(8),email VARCHAR(35),phone VARCHAR(25), groups VARCHAR(15),datestamp DATE,timestamp time,pgpemail VARCHAR(255));

Create Table Example 2.

mysql> create table [table name] (personid int(50) not null auto_increment primary key,firstname varchar(35),middlename varchar(50),lastnamevarchar(50) default 'bato');

Оригинал: pantz.org/software/mysql/mysqlcommands.html
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